2018年6月四六级翻译预测：儒家思想

儒家思想

儒家思想（Confucianism)是中国影响最大的思想流派，也是中国古代的主流意识。自汉代以来，儒家思想就是封建统治阶级(feudal ruling class)的指导思想之一。儒家思想的核心其实是一种人道主义（humanism )。它提倡自我修养，认为人是可教化的、可完善的。儒家思想的一个宏大的目标就是实现“大同社会”，在这样的一个社会中，每个人都能扮演好自己的角色，并与他人维持良好的关系。

 参考译文：

Confucianism is the largest Chinese school of thoughts, and the mainstream consciousness of the ancient China. 

Confucianism had been one of the ruling doctrines of the feudal ruling class since the Han Dynasty. The core of Confucianism is actually a kind of humanism. 

It advocates self-cultivation, and believes that human beings are teachable and improvable. 

A grand goal of Confucianism is to achieve a harmonious society in which each individual plays his or her part well, and maintains a good relationship with others.

 难词难句：

1. 思想流派:可译为school of thoughts。

2. 指导思想:可译为ruling doctrine,也可直译为guiding ideology。

3. 自我修养:应翻译为self-cultivation。cultivate除了有“耕种；照料”之意，还可以表示“修养，改善”。

4. 可教化的、可完善的:都可以使用动词加上“-able”这一形容词后缀的构词法，故分别为teachable和improvable。

5. 大同社会:孔子所提出的“大同”的特征是:“大道之行也，天下为公。选贤与能，讲信修睦…”从字面上也可看出，“大同”即为“和谐”之意， 故“大同社会”可译为 harmonious society 或 perfect society。

6. 每个人:除可译为everybody、everyone以外，还可译为each individual, 更加强调个体。“扮演好某人的角色”即为play one's part/role well。

酒文化

中国人在7000年以前就开始用谷物酿酒。总的来说，不管是古代还是现代，酒都和中国文化息息相关。长久以来，中国的酒文化在人们生活中一直扮演着重要的角色。我们的祖先在写诗时以酒助兴，在宴会中和亲朋好友敬酒。作为一种文化形式，酒文化也是普通百姓生活中不可分割的部分，比如生日宴会、送别晚宴、婚礼庆典等。

 参考译文：

Chinese people began to make spirits with grains seven thousand years ago. Generally speaking, wine has a close connection with culture in China in both ancient and modern times. 

Chinese wine culture has been playing a quite important role in Chinese people's life for a long time. Our ancestors used wine to enjoy themselves while writing poetry, or to make a toast to their relatives and friends during a feast. 

Wine culture, as a kind of culture form, is also an inseparable part in the life of ordinary Chinese people such as birthday parties, farewell dinners, weddings, etc.

 难词难句：

谷物：grains

酿酒：make wine; make spirits

敬酒：propose a toast; make a toast

不可分割的：impartible; inseparable

送别晚宴：farewell dinners

拓展表达：

中国白酒制作工艺复杂，原料丰富多样，是世界著名的六大蒸馏酒(distilled liquor)之一。

Chinese liquor has a complicated production process and can be made from various raw materials, making it one of the six world-famous distilled liquor.

不同地区和场合的饮酒习俗和礼仪已成为中国人日常生活中重要的部分。

The drinking customs and rituals in different regions and on different occasions have become an important part of Chinese people's daily life.

在几千年的文明史中，酒几乎渗透到社会生活中的各个领域，如文学创作、饮食保健等。

In thousands of years of civilization, alcohol has penetrated into almost every aspect of social life, such as literary creation, diet and health care.