赛斯谈“精神分裂症”（下）

? 赛斯谈“精神分裂症”（上）

然而，“精神分裂症”这个词涵盖了形形色色的经验——其中一些人对自己的状况非常满意，找到了自己的一席之地，能够养活自己，或者找到人来养活自己。另一些人则生活在对自身状况一直恐惧的氛围中，但同时他们又很兴奋，就像士兵在战斗中可能会有的样子。有些人在社会上可以相当正常地运作，而在任何案例里的情形都是很不相同的，包括了那些只是与社会格格不入的人，也包括那些有严重心理问题的人。

对于大多数人来说，会有一种心理上铺好的道路，让冲动在这条路上行进，直到与意识交会，然后意识再决定是否要跟随冲动或按冲动行事。然而，在我们正在讨论的这种案例里，没有一条铺好的路，而是一个危险的、岩石遍布的野地，可能充满了随时可能爆炸的地雷。 

记住，我们面对的是一种分散的力量，人格的种种不同成分被派去做不同的任务——它们以某种方式被夹在优越的自己与低贱的自己之间。因此，没有明确的行动路线可循，纵使有的话也必然是被伪装了的。不同于直接与意识交会的通往行动的明确冲动，你有的是作为行动命令出现的、来自另一个或另一些源头的一阵阵突发的冲动。这些冲动可能显现为告诉一个人做这个、做那个的声音，也可能是通过书写发出的“自动”命令，也可能是被称为幻觉的感知。以这种方式，一个人就不必为此类行为负责了，它们似乎不是来自他自己。在那种情况下，失败的可怕可能性在某种程度上暂时缓解了。 

对人格而言永远有一个整体的秩序，即使它是在背景里。所以在任何一个案例里，所有不同的“自己”或一个人感觉接触到的其他源头，都会一致指向藏在底下的整体或统一体。因此，突出的心理现象以孤立的方式表现出那些无法以通常的平顺方式同化的人格成分。

在无数的例子里，“精神分裂症的发作”发生在原本正常的人格中，而为了学习的目的和成长阶段的需要，人格会将其某些部分拣选清理出来，并帮助它们扩大它们的架构。 

人格确实能以种种不同的方式把它自己组合在一起。在运用内在及外在知觉上，在将这些知觉混合、匹配以形成在任一时刻可被接受的实相画面的方式上，都有着很大的自由空间。 

肉体的感知给了你一种必要的反馈，但它也是建立在学习的过程上，所以从很小的时候起，你就学会以可接受的方式把世界一片片拼在一起。在某种程度上，在某些情况下，有些精神分裂症的情况可以让你更准确地瞥见内在的心理机动性，这种机动性在你童年成长的过程中一直被聚焦和引导。从这特定的方面来看，精神分裂症代表了一种学习障碍。

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当你是个孩子时，你不会像成年人那样对自己的行为负责，而精神分裂症通常是在青春期左右，也就是刚成年的时候开始的，当人们觉得他们年轻的才华有望开花结果时。举例说，如果他们曾被认为天资聪慧，他们现在就该通过成人的成就来展示学校教育的成果。然而，如果他们几乎认定自己也是危险或邪恶的，那么他们就会害怕运用他们的能力，而真的更加害怕自己——于是，他们试图通过分裂来征服自己。他们觉得价值实现被切断了。在某种程度上，他们开始在这个世界上采取不透明的行动，表现出一副分裂的面孔。 

?“奥古斯都”的故事——赛斯解析多重人格障碍的经典案例

?“三面夏娃”与转世人格

The term "schizophrenia," however, covers multitudinous experiences—some such people are quite satisfied with their condition, find their own niches, are able to support themselves, or have means of support. Others live in an atmosphere of constant fear of their own condition, while at the same time they are excited, as soldiers might be in combat. Some can be quite functional in society, and the condition in any case is highly variable, covering people who are simply social misfits to those who are in deep psychological trouble.  

With most people, there is a kind of psychological paved road upon which impulses travel before they meet an intersection with the conscious mind, which then determines whether or not the impulse will be followed or acted upon. In the kinds of cases we are discussing, however, instead of a paved road you have a dangerous, rocky field that might be filled with mines ready to explode at any time.

Remember, we are dealing with a scattered force, various elements of the personality sent out to do different tasks—and in a fashion they are caught between the superior self and the debased self. There is, then, no clear line for action to follow. It must also be camouflaged. Instead of clear impulses toward action that intersect directly with consciousness, you have bursts of impulses that emerge as orders to act, coming from another source, or from other sources. These may appear as voices telling an individual to do this or that, as "automatic" commands through writing, or as perceptions that would be called hallucinatory. In this way the individual need not take responsibility for such actions. They do not seem to be coming from himself or from herself. The terrible possibility of failure is there to that extent, in that situation, momentarily relieved.  

There is always an overall order to the personality, even though it is in the background, so that in any given case all of the separate "selves," or other sources with whom the individual feels in contact, would together point toward the totality, or unity, that lies beneath. The outstanding mental phenomena, therefore, show in isolated fashions those elements of the personality that are not to be assimilated in the usual smooth fashion.

There are countless instances where "schizophrenic episodes" occur in otherwise normal personalities, where for learning purposes and periods of growth the personality sorts its parts out, and helps them enlarge their frameworks.  

The personality can indeed put itself together in multitudinous fashions. There is great leeway in the use of inner and outer perceptions, and the manners in which these are mixed and matched to form an acceptable picture of reality at any given time.  

Physical perception gives you a necessary kind of feedback, but it is also based upon learning processes, so that from a young age you learn to put the pieces of the world together in acceptable fashions. In a way, under certain conditions, some schizophrenic situations can give you righter glimpses of inner psychological mobility, a mobility that was focused and directed as you grew through childhood. Schizophrenia represents a kind of learning disability in that particular respect.

 ……

When you are a child, you are not held accountable for your actions in the same way that adults are, and schizophrenia often begins around puberty, or young adulthood, when people feel that their youthful promise is expected to bear fruit. If they have been considerably gifted, for example, they are now supposed to show the results of schooling through adult accomplishments. If they are nearly convinced, however, that the self is also dangerous or evil, then they become afraid of using their abilities, and indeed become more frightened of the self—which, again, they then try to conquer by dividing. They feel cut off from value fulfillment. In a fashion they begin to act opaquely in the world, showing a divided face.